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Precipitating Factors

Knowing what triggers migraine can help you to avoid them. It is not necessarily that easy to identify one particular cause, however, because your headaches may be precipitated by several triggers. Here, however, are typical contributing factors:

Physical and Environmental Causes

  • Stress
  • Fatigue
  • Oversleeping or lack of sleep
  • Fasting or missing a meal
  • Food or medication that affects the diameter of blood vessels.
  • Caffeine
  • Chocolate
  • Alcohol
  • Menses
  • Hormonal changes
  • Changes in barometric pressure
  • Changes in altitude

Foods and Diet
Specific foods are suspected of triggering at least 30 percent of the migraine headaches. Your physician may suggest that you specifically avoid foods that contain:

Additives
Nitrates and nitrites (usually in processed meats), yellow (annatto) food coloring, and MSG (monosodium glutamate). Canned or processed foods, Chinese foods, tenderizer, and seasonings such as soy sauce may contain MSG.

Tyramine
Red wines and most alcoholic beverages; aged cheeses and processed meats (including pizza and hot dogs); peanuts; chicken livers; pickled foods; sourdough bread; bread and crackers containing cheese; broad beans, peas, lentils. Foods to eat in moderation include: avocados, bananas, citrus fruits, figs, raisins, red plums, raspberries, and chocolates.

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